Prolactin:Structure,and key components.
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Primary Struture:The prolactin molecule is arranged in a single chain of amino acids with three intramolecular disulfide bonds between six cysteine residues
Secondary Structure:50 percent of prolactins amino acid chain is arranged in alpha helices
Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure:Prolactin contains four long alpha helices arranged in an antiparalles fashion. There have been no further three deminsinal structural discoveries with the regardes to prolactin.
Basic Structure and description of prolactin:Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone that is synthesized in and secreted from specialized cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactins main function is to facilitate breast milk production and secretion,a process called lactation.The prolactin gene is 10 kb in size and is composed of 5 exons and 4 introns. Prolactin belongs to the prolactin/growth hormone/placental lactogen family or group (I) of the helix bundle protein hormones.
Secondary Structure:50 percent of prolactins amino acid chain is arranged in alpha helices
Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure:Prolactin contains four long alpha helices arranged in an antiparalles fashion. There have been no further three deminsinal structural discoveries with the regardes to prolactin.
Basic Structure and description of prolactin:Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone that is synthesized in and secreted from specialized cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactins main function is to facilitate breast milk production and secretion,a process called lactation.The prolactin gene is 10 kb in size and is composed of 5 exons and 4 introns. Prolactin belongs to the prolactin/growth hormone/placental lactogen family or group (I) of the helix bundle protein hormones.
What Prolactin is used for within the human body
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In humans, prolactin is produced in the anterior portion of the pituitary gland and is constantly being released by the body. The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland found in the brain which produces several different hormones for the body. The pituitary gland produces proloactin which is distributed to a range of sites elsewhere in the body. For instance, lactotroph cells in female breasts tissue are stimulated by prolactin to produce milk late in pregnancy and after the birth of an infant to sustain milk production. This is done when prolactin is released into the bloodstream via exocytosis. Prolactin is also produced in men and is necessary for spermatogenesis. While prolactin is constantly being secreted, its secretion can be increased by a number of external stimuli such as: stress, breastfeeding and sexual activity. Interestingly, prolactin is also produced in the uterus, immune cells, brain, breasts, prostate, skin and adipose tissue. When prolactin levels are high it suppresses itself, a process which is called autoregulation. When its levels are too high and not suppressed, it can lead to menstrual irregularity and/or fertility problems in both men and women.
What comes in contact with Prolatin
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Prolactin works when a molecule of prolactin comes in contact with cell receptors. Also, prolactin comes in contact with dopamine receptors. When prolactin interact with dopamine receptors, it causes the release of dopamine which also inhibits the secretion of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Other prolactin releasing factors contributie to the stimulation of prolactin Also prolactain works with estrogen in feamles to know when to start and stop the promotion of lactation within the females body after and before preganacy.
Oscar Riddle
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Prolactin was discoverd by Oscar Riddler in the 1930s.Oscar discovered prolactin through doing testeing on sheep and primates and then comparing the blood test to humans.He found simalir evidence that might prove his theory. Whish was humans produced prolactin.Latter on in his research using immunological tools capable of distinguishing between the two hormones sheep and human,he discovered the concrete truth that humans produced prolactin.Originally he thought that only pregnat female humans could produce prolactin to prepare for their soon tobe born offspring, but latter on researches of another era proved him wrong.But in all Riddle was one of the first to isolate prolactin.